Impact of folivory on photosynthesis is greater than the sum of its holes.

Ecosystem impacts of folivory and frugivory by Japanese macaques in two temperate forests in Yakushima.

Comparing animal consumption to plant primary production provides a means of assessing an animal's impact on the ecosystem and an evaluation of resource limitation. Here, we compared annual fruit and leaf consumption by Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) relative to the annual production of these foods in the lowlands and highlands of Yakushima Island, Japan. We estimated consumption by macaque...

Influence of insertion of holes in the middle of obstacles on the flow around a surface-mounted cube

The aim of our study is to analyze the impact of insertion holes in the middle of obstacles on the flow around a surface-mounted cube, In order to do this; we studied four configurations of obstacles in a channel with a Reynods number based on obstacle height ReH = 40000. The hexahedral structured meshes were used to solve the fluid dynamics equations .The finite volume method are employed to s...

Dust Particles and Aerosols: Impact on Biota “A Review” (Part I)

The impacts of Dust and Sand Storms (DSS) on people, crops, livestock, infrastructure and health are well documented. Data have accumulated on the deleterious effects of dust aerosols when they settle on plants. Sand blasting of low growing plants is a common cause of failure in reforestation efforts. Burial of plants by moving sands are also a cause of much damage. The physics of moving sand a...

The Knowledge Translation Complexity Network (KTCN) Model: The Whole Is Greater Than the Sum of the Parts - A Response to Recent Commentaries

The effect of salinity on morphological and molecular characters and physiological responses of Nostoc sp. ISC 101

Taking into account the high potential of cyanobacteria to tolerate salinity stress, researches have evaluated the morphological and physiological behavior of these microorganisms in recent years. This study is conducted to investigate the impact of different concentrations of NaCl on the morphological and physiological traits of Nostoc sp. ISC 101. Biometrical and morphological observations ar...